![]() To reach Batavia a quick repair was made using a method called fothering, covering a leak with oakum and wool. It was decided that they would sail to Batavia, part of the Dutch East Indies, to properly repair her before the voyage home. After several attempts, Cook and his crew successfully freed Endeavour but she was in a dire condition. The reef had created a hole in the hull which, if removed from the reef, would cause the ship the flood. Cook ordered that all extra weight and unnecessary equipment be removed from the ship to help her float. When Endeavour sailed around the coast of Australia, she became stuck in a reef, now known as Endeavour Reef and part of the Great Barrier Reef, on 11 June 1770. ![]() After rounding Cape Horn and reaching Tahiti, she sailed through the Pacific with Cook claiming islands on behalf of Britain, before finally landing in Australia. Leaving Portsmouth, she sailed to Funchal in the Madeira Islands and then travelled west, crossing the Atlantic to Rio de Janeiro. Endeavour nearly didn’t make it back to BritainĮndeavour‘s circumnavigation is well documented. Over 30 succumbed to sickness including the ship’s surgeon. Astronomer Charles Green was also on board and documented the transit of Venus off the coast of Tahiti on 3 June 1769.īy the time the Endeavour was ready to return home, 90% of the crew fell ill with dysentery and malaria, likely caused by polluted drinking water. The adventurer and botanist Joseph Banks and his colleague Daniel Solander recorded 230 plant species during the expedition, 25 of which were new to the West. In Tahiti, the crew was joined by Tupaia, a navigator, who acted as a local guide and translator.Īdditionally, Cook was accompanied by natural historians, artists and cartographers. ![]() The youngest member of the crew was the 11 year old Nicholas Young, the servant to the ship’s surgeon. In Madeira, master’s mate Robert Weir was dragged overboard and drowned when he became trapped in the anchor cable. This included the usual complement of crew on a Royal Navy ship: commissioned naval officers, warrant officers, able seamen, marines, mates and servants. Endeavour left Plymouth on 26 August 1768 with 94 men and boys onboard At this point, however, she was known as HM Bark Endeavour, not HMS, as there was already a HMS Endeavour serving in the Royal Navy (this would change in 1771 when the other Endeavour was sold). It is believed that Edward Hawke, First Lord of the Admiralty, chose the appropriate name. Earl of Pembroke was chosen due to her storage capacity and availability (war meant that many naval ships were needed to fight). A young naval officer called James Cook was selected to lead the expedition due to his background in cartography and mathematics. In 1768, the Royal Navy started pulling together plans for an expedition to the South Seas. HMS Endeavour was purchased by the Royal Navy in 1768 Image Credit: Thomas Luny via Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain 2. Here are 6 facts about HMS Endeavour and her remarkable career.Įarl of Pembroke, later HMS Endeavour, leaving Whitby Harbour in 1768. To make it to Australia, Cook needed a strong, sturdy and reliable ship. ![]() Cook’s landing paved the way for the first European settlements in Australia and the establishment of Britain’s infamous penal colonies there. To the British, Cook went down in history as the man who ‘discovered’ Australia – despite Aboriginal Australians having lived there for 50,000 years and the Dutch traversing its shores for centuries. This voyage earned the Endeavour its place as one of the most famous ships in history.Īfter heading west from England, rounding Cape Horn beneath South America and crossing the Pacific, Cook landed the Endeavour in Australia’s Botany Bay on 29 April 1770. She was later converted into the HMS Endeavour and used by English naval officer and cartographer James Cook on his 1768-1771 voyage of exploration to Australia and the South Pacific. ![]() HMS Endeavour was launched in 1764 in Whitby, northern England, then as a coal carrier named Earl of Pembroke. ![]()
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